cover image of The Year 1945 in a Global Context project

    The Year 1945 in a Global Context

    Conference Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the End of World War II

    18—20 November 2025
    Liechtenstein Palace, Prague, Czech Republic


    In 2025, we commemorate the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II. The interpretation of this milestone varies significantly across countries, ranging from its unequivocal recognition as liberation from Nazi tyranny or occupation by militarist Japan, to the assertion that one form of totalitarianism — Nazism — was merely replaced by another — Communism. It is indisputable that the post-1945 period brought about a fundamentally new configuration of both the European and global order.
    While certain aspects of this order came to an end with the close of the 20th century, many of its legacies persist to this day. The diverse and often conflicting interpretations of 1945, as well as the points of convergence and divergence, and the complex, interrelated issues that arise from this historical turning point, demand a comparative and interdisciplinary approach. This includes not only a shared platform for historical analysis but also critical engagement from the fields of law, political science, sociology, and other relevant disciplines. The urgency of this discourse is further heightened by the proliferation of unsubstantiated narratives and misinformation — including deliberate disinformation campaigns — concerning the end of the Second World War. Contemporary authoritarian regimes frequently instrumentalize these distortions to legitimize territorial claims and undermine democratic values.
    In response to these pressing challenges, the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes is organizing an international conference in November 2025 to mark the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. The conference aims to contextualize this historic moment not only within national or European frameworks, but also from a genuinely global perspective.

    Programme

    Tuesday, 18 November 2025
    12:30–13:00      Registration

    13:00–13:30      Opening of the Conference: Welcome and Introductory Remarks
    Speakers:
    Kamil Nedvědický, Academic Guarantor of the Conference, First Deputy Director, Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes, ÚSTR

    Ladislav Kudrna, Director, ÚSTR
    Petr Blažek, Director, Museum of the Memory of the 20th Century
    Iga Raczyńska, Deputy Director, European Network Remembrance and Solidarity (ENRS)
    Robert Řehák, Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues, Interfaith Dialogue and Freedom of Religion, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic

    13:30–14:30      Panel 1: The Broader Context of 1945
    Chair: Kamil Nedvědický (ÚSTR)


    Panelists:
    Igor Lukeš (Professor of History and International Relations, Boston University): Stalin's Diplomatic Maneuvers in Prewar Europe

    Jacques Rupnik (Professor, Sciences Po): Eastern European / Pan-European Contexts of 1945 (and the Prelude to the Cold War)
    Kamil Nedvědický (ÚSTR): The Decree on the Restoration of Legal Order – Continuity or Discontinuity?
    Antonie Doležalová (FSV UK, University of Cambridge) - Towards a brighter future

    14:30–14:45 Coffee break

    14:45–15:45      Panel 2: The Climax of World War II
    Chair: Pavla Plachá (ÚSTR)


    Panelists:

    Stanislav Kokoška (ÚSTR): The Crisis of the Occupation Regime in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
    Magda Veselská (ÚSTR): Judicial Executions of Czechoslovaks at the End of the War: The Cases of Dresden and Leipzig
    Jan Zumr, Jan Vajskebr (ÚSTR): The Final Months of the Gestapo in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

    15:45–16:45      Panel 3: Contexts of World War II
    Chair: Martin Valenta (ÚSTR)


    Panelists:
    Petr Placák (ÚSTR): The 1945 Occupation – The Context of the Soviet–Nazi War of 1941–45 and Its Consequences
    Jan Sechter (Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University): Peace Treaties of World War II: Addressing the Consequences of the War in the Context of the 20th Century
    Daniel Povolný (ÚSTR): Operation VRAH: The Long Shadows of Spring 1945


    16:45–17:00 Coffee break

    17:00–18:00      Panel 4: Winners and Losers of World War II
    Chair: Tomáš Malínek (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Mirosław Szumiło (IPN): Did We Win World War II? – Discussion on National Victory Day in Poland
    Radomyr Mokryk (Lviv Ivan Franko National University): Western Ukraine and the Return of the Soviets: The Establishment of Soviet Rule as an Act of Colonialism after WWII
    Grigory Amnuel (EuroAsk): Rethinking the Legacy of World War II: Propaganda, Occupation, and Memory


    18:00–19:30      Panel 5: The Challenge of Depicting 1945 in Film and Literature (Discussion)
    Chair: Kamil Nedvědický (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Jan Svěrák, Film Director
    Ondřej Vetchý, Actor
    Alice Horáčková, Writer
    Petr Kopal, Historian


    19:30    Summary of the Day – Kamil Nedvědický

    20:00   Informal Networking / Drinks


    Wednesday, 19 November 2025
    8:30–9:00        Registration
    9:00–10:20       Panel 6: On the Threshold of Freedom
    Chair: Jan Horník (ÚSTR)


    Panelists:
    Dita Homolová (ÚSTR): The Twilight of Czech Fascism in 1945
    Blanka Zubáková (ÚSTR): Fates of Members of the National Working Youth Movement (NHPM) in 1945: Endings and New Beginnings
    Tomáš Zouzal (ÚSTR): Beginnings of Renewal in the Former Böhmen Military Training Area
    Petr Anev (ÚSTR): Czech Universities in 1945


    10:20–10:30 Coffee break

    10:30–10:50      Panel 7: How the year 1945 shaped today
    Chair: Kamil Nedvědický (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Don Ritter (The Remembrance Society): ‘Platforming’ a Perverse View of WW II and the Meaning of 1945


    10:50–11:50      Panel 8: Propaganda and the Building of Cults in Czechoslovakia after 1945 (Discussion)
    Chair: Petr Blažek (Museum of the Memory of the 20th Century)


    Panelists:
    Jan Šindelář, historian (Department of History and History Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University)
    Michal Macháček, Head of the Department of Historical Education (MP XX)
    Zdeněk Lukeš, architect (The Department of Monument Care of the Office of the President of the Republic)
    Petr Koura, historian (Department of History and History Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University)


    11:50–12:50       Panel 9: Other Aspects of 1945
    Chair: Jan Kalous (ÚSTR, ÚPN)


    Panelists:
    Linas Jašinauskas, Benas Navakauskas (Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania): Mass Deportations from Soviet-Occupied Lithuania as a Tool of Societal Destruction: Victims and Their Fates
    Václav Šipla (Department of Historical Sciences, University of West Bohemia): From a Missed Opportunity to New Hope: The Ambiguous British-French Alliance in the Critical Year 1945
    Jan Kalous (ÚSTR, ÚPN): Jan Šverma as a Model Example of Constructing the Legend of a Brave Anti-Nazi Fighter


    12:50–13:50 Lunch break

    13:50–14:50      Panel 10: Directors of European Memory Institutions
    Chair: Kamil Nedvědický (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Ladislav Kudrna (Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes, ÚSTR)
    Karol Polejowski (Institute of National Remembrance, IPN)
    Réka Kiss (Committee of National Remembrance, NEB)
    Jerguš Sivoš (Nation’s Memory Institute, ÚPN)


    14:50–15:00 Coffee break

    15:00–16:00      Panel 11: Different Perspectives on 1945
    Chair: Martin Valenta (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Ladislav Kudrna (ÚSTR): Czechoslovak RAF Pilots and the Year 1945
    Eva Skopalová (National Gallery Prague): Facing (Sur)Reality
    Jan Cholínský (ÚSTR): Czechs and Slovaks Against the Alliance of Edvard Beneš and the National Front with the Soviet Union: Wartime and Postwar Declarations and Programs of Lev Prchala, Vladimír Ležák, Milan Hodža, Peter Prídavok, and Others


    16:00–16:15 Coffee break

    16:15–17:15        Panel 12: The Year 1945 as a Czech Uniqueness – Why Do Czechs Perceive 1945 Differently than Other Nations? (Discussion)
    Chair: Kamil Nedvědický (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Igor Lukeš (Boston University)
    Petr Placák (ÚSTR)
    Martin Valenta (ÚSTR)


    17:15–17:30       Summary of the Day – Kamil Nedvědický

    17:30–18:00      Transfer of Invited Guests to the Czernin Palace

    18:00–20:00     Guided Tour of the Czernin Palace


    Thursday, 20 November 2025
    9:00–9:30        Registration

    9:30–10:30       Panel 13: Refugees Between Totalitarian Regimes
    Chair: Jaroslav Formánek (ÚSTR)


    Panelists:
    Adam Hradilek (ÚSTR): Soviet Repressions Against Compatriots and Refugees from Czechoslovakia, 1939–1945: Czechs, Ukrainians, Slovaks, Jews, and Germans in the Gulag through the Lens of Former KGB Archives in Ukraine
    Jan Dvořák (ÚSTR): Czechoslovak Jews in the Gulag: Soviet Labor and POW Camps in the Memories of Jewish Refugees from Nazism
    Anna Chlebina (ÚSTR): Ukrainian Interwar Refugees in Czechoslovakia as Victims of NKVD Kidnappings to the USSR at the End of WWII


    10:30–10:45 Coffee break

    10:45–12:05 Panel 14: War and Its Consequences
    Chair: Jaroslav Rokoský (ÚSTR)


    Panelists:
    Don Ritter (The Remebrance Society): ‘Platforming’ a Perverse View of WW II and the Meaning of 1945
    Dovilė Sagatienė (Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius): The Second World War in the Context of the 20th Century
    Jaroslav Rokoský (ÚSTR): 1945: What Kind of Czechoslovakia?
    Jan Cholínský (ÚSTR): Political Errors and Misjudgments of the British and Americans During the War and Their Relevance Today


    12:05–13:05 Panel 15: Czech Developments and Cultural Overlaps
    Chair: Michal Pehr (ÚSTR)

    Panelists:
    Michal Pehr (ÚSTR): The Beginnings of the National Front and the Košice Government Program
    Martin Jindra (ÚSTR): Hidden Stories of a Famous Photograph
    Petr Kopal (ÚSTR): Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible (1943–45): Between Official Icon and Individual Subversion


    13:05–13:50 Discussion

    13:50 Closing Summary – Kamil Nedvědický

    Partners

    Organiser

    logo of ENRS
    logo of Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes
    logo of Government of the Czech Republic
    logo of Twentieth Century Memorial Museum
    logo of NEB
    logo of UPN 1
    logo of IPN



    ENRS is funded by:

    logo of PL ministry 2023 NEW LOGO
    logo of DE Ministry
    logo of SL Ministry
    logo of RO Ministry
    logo of HU ministry 2023 NEW LOGO
    logo of Government of the Czech Republic



    logo of EU Disclaimer

     
    Be always up to date with our projects!
    Sign up for the ENRS monthly newsletter
    & stay up to date with our news and events.